CHIRA-GROM Phases for the separation of chiral molecules by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Button_mini_pink.gif (1036 Byte)Experimental details

I. NovoGROM column hardware for chiral separations
In order to increase sensitivity, to decrease costs by saving solvents and for environmental protection tailor-made, customized CHIRA-GROM matrices are packed in the low dispersion NovoGROM microbore columns. This well-designed, excellent column hardware performs outstandingly in all, even highly sophisticated, chiral separations.
There are three versions of microbore columns packed with
CHIRA-GROM
-phases available:

Standard microbore column (250 x 2 mm) - connected to the HPLC-system via 1/16" capillaries, ferrules and compression screws
Low dispersion microbore cartridge (250 x 2 mm) - with endfittting adapters and column heads (quick-connectors)
Microbore guard column combination (250 x 2 mm column and 10 x 2 mm guard column) - with endfittting adapters, spacer and guard column head

or as a novel alternative:

CHIRA-GROM phases packed in the unique, NovoGROM capillary columns, with fingerthight fittings
Standard capillary column - length 250 mm and 200, 300, 500 or 800 µm i.d.
Capillary column (length 250 mm) with integrated guard column - (lenght 5 or 20 mm) both columns with 200, 300, 500 or 800 µm i.d.

II. Five different CHIRA-GROM matrices are available:    
CHIRA-GROM Phases Type 1-4 and 9 consist of spherical, highly porous 8 µm silica particles specially treated by a novel thermal process and covered with layers of synthetic chiral polymers. They are stable up to 35 MPa and may be used from pH 1 to 8 at temperatures of 0-80°C. With these high-performance materials, separations of chiral molecules can easily be achieved in the normal phase, as well in the reversed phase mode. For NovoGROM Method Development Sets for chiral separations follow linkButton_mini.gif (1040 Byte).

There are five major advantages of working in the reversed phase mode, i.e., using polar solvents to separate chiral molecules:

1) After sample dilution, crude biological samples from conventional matrices can be applied directly, for instance, by column switching.
2) Up to now, polar chiral molecules insoluble in hydrophobic phases such as heptane etc. could not be separated.However, now they can be dissolved in polar mobile phases and therefore are easily separated in the reversed phase mode.
3) Gradient elution is simple in the reversed phase mode.
4) For many separations, better values of "a", i. e., relative retention may be achieved.
5) Column lifetime is generally superior.
Typical fields of application are:

purity check of chiral samples (pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavorings)
chiral drug monitoring of biological materials: plasma, urine, tissues, etc.
LC-MS coupling

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Verapamil
CHIRA-GROM-1, 8µm,
250 x 2 mm
Bupivacin
CHIRA-GROM-2, 8 µm,
250 x 2 mm
Mephobarbital
CHIRA-GROM-3, 8 µm,
250 x 2 mm
Ofloxacine methyl ester
CHIRA-GROM-4, 8 µm,
250 x 2 mm
Warfarin
CHIRA-GROM-9, 8 µm,
250 x 2 mm
* For further technical information, see GROM-HPLC catalogue.
III. Separation and analysis of chiral molecules by highly sensitive precolumn derivatisation
In liquid chromatography, chiral molecules can be analysed by applying three different techniques: eluting analytes by chiral mobile phases, packing columns with chiral stationary phases (see above) or even by reacting the enantiomers of interest with a chiral chromophoric or preferably fluorogenic agent, i.e., by precolumn derivatisation. Besides its simplicity, the major advantage of analysing enantiomeres by precolumn derivatisation with a fluorogen is the high sensitivity inherent to fluorescense detection [J.Maier-Rosenkranz, A. Maisch, A.Kupka and P.Földi, LC+GC International 7, 509-516 (1994), or H. Brückner, T. Westhauser, Chromatographia 39, 419-426 (1994)]. The detection limit routinely obtained with this method is in the lower fmol range.
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Penicillamine
GROM-SIL 120 ODS-3 CP, 5 µm,
250 x 3 mm
D/L-Proline
GROM-SIL FLEC-1, 3 µm,
250 x 4 mm
Propanolol
GROM-SIL 100 ODS-2 FE, 5 µm,
125 x 4 mm
For the simple analysis of chiral alcohols and amines such as D/L-dopa, D/L-penicillamine, D/L-amino acids, ß-blockers (metopropolol, propanolol), etc., by this technique, GROM offers dedicated Derivatisation Kits. These consist of tailor made, customised columns, and the chemicals required for the formation of either the (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)-ethyl-chloroformate / 1-amino-adamantane (FLEC/ADAM) or ortho-phthaldialdehyde/iso-butyryl-L-cysteine (OPA/ IBLC) derivatives. In addition, they include a detailed description of the derivatisation procedure and the chromatography conditions, as well as literature references.
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Separation of D/L-amino acids derivatised with OPA/IBLC (column. GROM-SIL =OPA-2, 5 µm, 250 x 4 mm
* For further informations concerning amino acid analysis follow link Button_mini_pink.gif (1036 Byte)